Sand casting and investment casting are both methods used in the manufacturing industry to create metal parts.

Sand casting is one of the oldest and most versatile methods of metal casting. It involves creating a mold made of sand, which is packed around a pattern of the desired object.

Investment casting, also known as lost-wax casting, is a precision casting process that has been used for centuries. It allows for the production of parts with intricate shapes and high dimensional accuracy.

Heat treatment, casting gauging, and quality control are vital for ensuring high-quality cast metal components.

Heat treatment enhances the mechanical properties and performance of castings through controlled heating and cooling processes.
Casting gauging involves measuring and inspecting cast metal components to ensure they meet dimensional and quality specifications, crucial for verifying accuracy before further manufacturing.
Quality control (QC) includes systematic processes to monitor, evaluate, and enhance the quality of cast metal components throughout production, aiming to prevent defects and ensure consistency.

Tooling design in metal casting refers to the creation of molds, patterns, and core boxes that are used to produce cast metal components. It involves designing and manufacturing these tools to ensure accurate and efficient production of castings.

Precision machining is the process of removing material from castings to achieve tight tolerances, smooth finishes, and specific geometrical shapes. It is often required to refine cast components for final assembly or functional use..